Corydoras :
Taxonomy
The name
Corydoras is derived from the
Greek kory (helmet) and
doras (skin).
[1] Corydoras is by far the largest genus of
Neotropical fishes with more than 142 species.
[2] In addition, many variants exist.
[citation needed] It is the sole genus in the tribe
Corydoradini.
[3] C. difluviatilis is recognized as the
basalmost species of Corydoradini, exhibiting several
plesiomorphic features compared to the other species of
Corydoras.
[3][4] The
type species for this genus is
Corydoras geoffroy.
[1] Several hundred
Corydoras species are not yet classified, but kept by
aquarists. These species are given
C-numbers, originally devised by Hans-Georg Evers for the German fishkeeping magazine
DATZ in 1993. In 2006, there were 153 C-numbers assigned, of which 32 had been assigned appropriate scientific names.
[5]
The
C. barbatus,
C. macropterus, and
C. prionotos have been reclassified into the genus
Scleromystax.
[3] Brochis had been differentiated from
Corydoras due to the higher number of
dorsal fin rays; however,
Brochis has recently been suggested to be a
synonym of
Corydoras.
[3] This is contested and has not been universally accepted. The
sixray corydoras belongs in
Aspidoras.
[citation needed]
Distribution
The species of
Corydoras usually have more restricted areas of
endemism
than other callichthyids, but the area of distribution of the entire
genus almost equals the area of distribution of the family, except for
Panama where
Corydoras is not present.
[6] Corydoras species are distributed east of the
Andes to the
Atlantic coast, from
Trinidad to the
Río de la Plata drainage in northern
Argentina.
[2] The genus is also widely distributed in South America from the
Magdalena River basin, in
Colombia, and occurs in a variety of environments.
[4]
Description
Species assigned to
Corydoras display a broad diversity of body shapes and coloration.
[4] Corydoras are small fish, ranging from 25 to 120 millimetres (1.0–4.7 in)
SL.
[2]
Ecology
Corydoras are generally found in smaller-sized streams, along the margins of larger rivers, in marshes and ponds.
[2] They are native to slow-moving and almost still (but seldom stagnant) streams and small rivers of
South America where the water is shallow and very clear.
[citation needed] Most species are bottom-dwellers, foraging in sand, gravel, or detritus.
[2]
The banks and sides of the streams are covered with a dense growth of
plants, and this is where the corys are found. They inhabit a wide
variety of water types but tend toward soft, neutral to slightly acidic
or slightly alkaline
pH and 5-10 degrees of
hardness.
They can tolerate only a small amount of salt (some species tolerate
none at all) and do not inhabit environments with tidal influences.
[citation needed] They are often seen in shoals.
[2]
Most species prefer being in groups and many species are found in
schools or aggregations of hundreds or even thousands of individuals,
usually of a single species, but occasionally with other species mixed
in.
[citation needed] Unlike most catfishes which are nocturnal,
Corydoras species are active during the daytime.
[2]
Their main food is bottom-dwelling insects and insect larvae and
various worms, as well as some vegetable matter. Although no corys are
piscivorous,
they will eat flesh from dead fishes. Their feeding method is to search
the bottom with their sensory barbels and suck up food items with their
mouth, often burying their snout up to their eyes, one of the reasons a
soft sand substrate is preferable.
In several species of
Corydoras, it has been observed that the fishes, after initial evasive reaction to threat, lay still; this is suggested to be a form of
cryptic behavior. However, it is also argued that most species do not have cryptic coloration nor freezing behavior and continue to exist.
[2]
A few
Otocinclus species (
O. mimulus,
O. flexilis,
O. affinis, and
O. xakriaba) are considered to be
Batesian mimics of certain
Corydoras species (
C. diphyes,
C. paleatus,
C. nattereri, and
C. garbei, respectively). These
Corydoras
species have bony plates of armor and strong spines as defenses, making
them less palatable; by mimicking these species in size and coloration,
Otocinclus avoid predation.
[2]
A unique form of insemination has been described in
Corydoras aeneus.
When these fish reproduce, the male will present his abdomen to the
female. The female will attach her mouth to the male's genital opening,
creating the well-known "T-position" many
Corydoras exhibit during courtship. The female will then drink the
sperm.
The sperm rapidly moves through her intestines and is discharged
together with her eggs into a pouch formed by her pelvic fins. The
female can then swim away and deposit the pouch somewhere else alone.
Because the T-position is exhibited in other species than just
C. aeneus, it is likely that this behavior is common in the genus.
[7]
In the aquarium
The
Corydoras genus is well known among aquarists for its many ornamental species.
[8] They are well suited to
tropical
freshwater community aquariums, as they get along well with other
species and are not at all aggressive. Some types of Corydoras are quite
timid and are recommended to be kept in shoals of three upwards. Corys
are mostly bottom feeders, so they should be offered sinking pellets as
well as supplements of live and frozen foods. If flake foods are used,
care should be taken to prevent all food from being eaten by faster
moving fish at the higher levels of the tank.
Most corys prefer soft, acidic water. They can, however, tolerate a
wide range of water conditions, including temperatures that are cooler
than tropical. They do not do well in fish tanks with high
nitrate levels. This ion leads to the infection of the
barbels, which will shorten and become useless. The barbels may also be affected by constant contact with a sharp
substrate.
They are more likely to thrive if there is an open area of substrate on
the bottom of the tank where they can obtain submerged food.
It is a myth that salt cannot be used on this species of fish as a
means of parasite medication. Salt can be added to the water of the
Corydoras catfish in order to rid the fish of ich.
These fish are fairly easy to keep, being peaceful, hardy, active,
and entertaining. Occasionally they will dart to the surface, sticking
their snout above the water for an instant to take a "breath" of air.
This behavior is perfectly normal and is not an indication that anything
is wrong with the fish. However, If this is done in excess, it can
indicate poor water conditions.
Where investigated
Corydoras sp. have been shown to be diurnal and
crepuscular rather than nocturnal and activity can even peak at twilight.
[9] Corydoras
are very good choices for a community aquarium, and are widely kept
throughout the world. Their longevity in the aquarium is noteworthy;
C. aeneus is said to have lived 27 years in captivity and 20 years is not too uncommon.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corydoras)
Maaf belom ditranslate.....:)
Jenis ikan corydoras yang banyak beredar dipasar ikan hias Indonesia :
Albino :
Corydoras albino adalah corydoras yg bermutasi warna dari warna aslinya ke warna albino (putih). diindonesia corydoras albino yang beredar biasanya dari corydoras aenus dan corydoras paleatus
gambar anakan corydoras albino aenus yang pernah saya breed sendiri
Aenus : Cory
Paleatus : Gambar ukuran indukan Corydoras paleatus
(Mohon maaf untuk gambar rokoknya nanti akan diganti dengan gambar yg lebih baik)
Panda:
Sterbay :
Corydoras yang dijelaskan diatas adalah jenis corydoras yang biasanya banyak beredar dipasar indonesia.
dan masih banyak lagi corydoras lainnya yg sudah teridentifikasi maupun yang belum di alam di habitat aslinya.....Waaaaww
.png)
.jpg)
.jpg)